An older adult explores a virtual reality world with guidance from a trained facilitator (photo courtesy of Baycrest).
By: Cyrelle Muskat, Director, Quality Systems, Wellness and Culture, Baycrest Hospital and Long-Term Care and Interim Chief Heritage Officer
Ontario's population is expected to grow by 36 per cent by 2040, with the fastest growth occurring among individuals aged 65 and older, according to a recent study by the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, in collaboration with the Ontario Hospital Association. In light of this demographic shift, leveraging technological advancements in care delivery is essential to enhancing access to and improving quality of care, which can strengthen the health care system's capacity while reducing barriers to access.
Virtual reality (VR) stands out as a particularly effective tool for engaging older adults living with dementia. Since 2021, Baycrest has used VR to enhance the holistic, person-centred care models in the Apotex Centre, Jewish Home for the Aged long-term care home, at Baycrest Hospital and in the Possibilities by BaycrestTM floor of the Baycrest Terraces Residence and Community.
VR shows promising potential in areas including for entertainment, relaxation therapy, non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions, rehabilitation, education and more.
In the summer of 2023, Baycrest developed a user guide to support staff with the implementation of a VR program for older adults, including individuals with dementia. This guide has been instrumental in supporting the spread and scale of this innovative technology. Across the Apotex, Jewish Home for the Aged specifically, VR programming includes virtual travel, interactive games and meditation sessions, all of which have demonstrated remarkable engagement levels among residents living with dementia. Participants consistently exhibit a sense of calm following VR sessions, and frequent requests for repeat experiences highlight the program's effectiveness and appeal.
The virtual experiences offered are tailored to individual preferences, enhancing their relevance and impact. For instance, one resident, a former pilot, has particularly enjoyed a VR program that simulates flying a plane from the cockpit. This customization not only fosters engagement but also helps evoke meaningful memories and personal connections. Moreover, families and caregivers can participate in these VR experiences alongside residents, further supporting shared moments and strengthening bonds.
VR is used across Baycrest's cognitive support floors including on the Transitional Behavioral Support Unit (TBSU), where many residents living with dementia experience responsive behaviors. Responsive behaviours are changes in personality, behaviour or emotions that may develop as symptoms of dementia and which may include restlessness, aggression and hallucinations. A team-based approach is used to evaluate and implement strategies to manage behaviours with the goal of admission or re-admission to long-term care. Leisure and recreation are introduced as non-pharmacological interventions to manage responsive behaviours while also providing meaningful experiences.
To date, however, there is minimal formal research demonstrating the impact the use of VR can have on clients who exhibit responsive behaviours. The Centre for Aging + Brain Health Innovation (CABHI), powered by Baycrest through its Spark program, has provided funding to support a study in the TBSU at Baycrest that will further our understanding of this innovative approach's impact.
VR is one tool Baycrest uses to serve the evolving needs of older persons. For more information, contact Cyrelle Muskat at cmuskat@baycrest.org.